Add compiler and compiler SDK toolboxes

This PR adds the MATLAB compiler and MATLAB compiler SDK toolboxes including further system dependencies (i.e. compatible C and FORTRAN compilers, as well as the Java SDK). A manual clean-up of the temporary files directory in which e.g. MATLAB installer files are hanging around otherwise has been implemented, too. Other things are mainly cosmetic and/or intended to better clarify what the code is doing.

(For the last point there is, I guess, still room for improvement, because of the many not ideal and subjective decisions that were made in setting up this image build workflow.) 😟